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Bhagavad-Gītā with Śaṅkara's bhāṣya · 2.52
yadā te moha-kalilaṃ buddhir vyatitariṣyati | tadā gantāsi nirvedaṃ śrotavyasya śrutasya ca
Translation. When your intellect crosses beyond the impurity of delusion,
then you will attain dispassion toward what is to be heard and what has been heard.
Grammar check: 11 words pass / 0 flagged / 0 beyond the checkerPāṇini-verified
Every word's claimed grammar is re-derived with vidyut-prakriya, software implementing Pāṇini's rules. Flags are shown, never hidden; some are the text taking epic or Vedic liberties the classical rules do not generate.
Word by word
| surface | lemma | grammar |
|---|
| yadā | yadā | pass |
| te | tvad | pass |
| moha-kalilam | moha-kalila | pass |
| buddhiḥ | buddhi | pass |
| vyatitariṣyati | tṝ | pass |
| tadā | tadā | pass |
| gantāsi | gam | pass |
| nirvedam | nirveda | pass |
| śrotavyasya | śrotavya | pass |
| śrutasya | śruta | pass |
| ca | ca | pass |
How the commentary settled it
Where the verse alone is ambiguous, the reading follows Śaṅkara's commentary; the deciding lines are quoted below each decision.
Read yadā and tadā as a correlative temporal pair governing the two halves: ‘when … then.’→ Correlative ‘when … then’ construction.
gita [1]yadā yasmin kāle
‘yadā’ means ‘at whatever time.’
gita [2]tadā tasmin kāle
‘tadā’ means ‘at that time.’
Construe te as the genitive singular tava modifying buddhiḥ, not as a dative or an unattached ethical pronoun.→ Genitive dependent on buddhiḥ: ‘your intellect.’
gita [1]te tava
‘te’ means ‘your.’
gita [1]tat tava buddhiḥ
‘That, your intellect …’
Analyze moha-kalila as a tatpuruṣa whose head is kalila, understood as kāluṣya, with moha specifying its constitutive character: ‘the impurity consisting in delusion.’→ Tatpuruṣa, mohasya kalilam, semantically an impurity whose nature is delusion and non-discrimination.
gita [1]moha-kalilaṃ mohātmakam aviveka-rūpaṃ kāluṣyaṃ
The ‘impurity of delusion’ is a defilement whose nature is delusion and whose form is non-discrimination.
Take moha-kalilam as the object of vyatitariṣyati and translate the verb as ‘will cross beyond/pass beyond,’ not merely ‘will wander through.’→ ‘Your intellect will cross beyond the impurity.’
gita [1]tat tava buddhiḥ vyatitariṣyati vyatikramiṣyati
Your intellect will cross that—will pass beyond it.
Render gantāsi nirvedam idiomatically as ‘you will attain dispassion’; gantāsi does not indicate literal travel, and nirveda is not despair here.→ ‘You will attain dispassion.’
gita [2]gantāsi prāpsyasi nirvedaṃ vairāgyaṃ
‘You will go to’ means ‘you will attain’; nirveda means dispassion (vairāgya).
Treat śrotavyasya and śrutasya as coordinated substantivized neuter genitives specifying the objects or domain of nirveda: what is yet to be heard and what has already been heard.→ Genitives of reference: dispassion toward what is to be heard and what has been heard.
gita [2]śrotavyasya śrutasya ca, tadā śrotavyaṃ śrutaṃ ca te niṣphalaṃ pratibhātīty abhiprāyaḥ
Regarding what is to be heard and what has been heard: the intention is that both then appear fruitless to you.
Śaṅkara's commentary on this unit
1yadā yasmin kāle te tava moha-kalilaṃ mohātmakam aviveka-rūpaṃ kāluṣyaṃ yena ātmānātma-viveka-bodhaṃ kaluṣīkṛtya viṣayaṃ pratyantaḥ-karaṇaṃ pravartate, tat tava buddhiḥ vyatitariṣyati vyatikramiṣyati, atiśuddha-bhāvam āpātryate ity arthaḥ |
2tadā tasmin kāle gantāsi prāpsyasi nirvedaṃ vairāgyaṃ śrotavyasya śrutasya ca, tadā śrotavyaṃ śrutaṃ ca te niṣphalaṃ pratibhātīty abhiprāyaḥ ||bhgs_2.52||
3moha-kalilātyaya-dvāreṇa labdhātma-vivekaja-prajñaḥ kadā karma-yogajaṃ phalaṃ paramārtha-yogam avāpsyāmīti cet, tat sṛṇu --