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Triṃśikā (Vasubandhu) with Sthiramati's bhāṣya · 18
sarvabījaṃ hi vijñānaṃ pariṇāmas tathā tathā | yāty anyonyavaśād yena vikalpaḥ sa sa jāyate
Translation. For the consciousness (vijñāna) possessed of every seed is store consciousness (ālaya-vijñāna);
through mutual influence, its transformation (pariṇāma) reaches, in each respective case,
a state capable of immediately producing the corresponding conceptual construction (vikalpa):
thereby each such construction arises.
Grammar check: 13 words pass / 0 flagged / 0 beyond the checkerPāṇini-verified
Every word's claimed grammar is re-derived with vidyut-prakriya, software implementing Pāṇini's rules. Flags are shown, never hidden; some are the text taking epic or Vedic liberties the classical rules do not generate.
Word by word
| surface | lemma | grammar |
|---|
| sarvabījam | sarvabīja | pass |
| hi | hi | pass |
| vijñānam | vijñāna | pass |
| pariṇāmaḥ | pariṇāma | pass |
| tathā | tathā | pass |
| tathā | tathā | pass |
| yāti | yā | pass |
| anyonyavaśāt | anyonyavaśa | pass |
| yena | yad | pass |
| vikalpaḥ | vikalpa | pass |
| saḥ | tad | pass |
| saḥ | tad | pass |
| jāyate | jan | pass |
How the commentary settled it
Where the verse alone is ambiguous, the reading follows Sthiramati's commentary; the deciding lines are quoted below each decision.
Take sarvabījaṃ vijñānam as a qualifier–qualified expression referring specifically to store consciousness, rather than as a universal assertion about every kind of consciousness; render hi explanatorily as “for.”→ The consciousness possessing every seed is the store consciousness (ālayavijñāna).
trbh [1136, 1137]tatra sarvadharmotpādanaśaktyanugamāt sarvabījaṃ vijñānam ity ālayavijñānam
vijñānaṃ hy asarvabījam apy astīty ataḥ sarvabījam ity āha
Here, because it is accompanied by the capacity to produce all phenomena, “consciousness possessing every seed” means store consciousness. For consciousness that is not all-seeded also exists; hence he says “possessing every seed.”
trbh [1138, 1139]vijñānād anyad
api kaiścit pradhānādi sarvabījaṃ kalpyata iti vijñānam ity āha
Because some also imagine something other than consciousness—primordial matter and so forth—to be the universal seed, he says “consciousness.”
trbh [1141]ekapadavyabhicāre 'pi viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyatvadarśanān nāyaṃ doṣaḥ
Although either single expression may apply too widely, this is no fault, since a qualifier–qualified relation is observed.
Analyze sarvabīja as a possessive bahuvrīhi, “that which possesses every seed,” rather than as a karmadhāraya denoting the totality of seeds.→ Bahuvrīhi, externally qualifying vijñānam.
trbh [1136]tatra sarvadharmotpādanaśaktyanugamāt sarvabījaṃ vijñānam ity ālayavijñānam
Here, because it is accompanied by the capacity to produce all phenomena, “consciousness possessing every seed” means store consciousness.
Render pariṇāma as a technical “transformation,” defined as becoming otherwise than a prior state, and supply “its” because the commentary explicitly treats it as the transformation of store consciousness.→ “Its transformation (pariṇāma),” meaning the store consciousness becoming otherwise than its prior state.
trbh [1142, 1143]pariṇāmas tathā tathā yāty anyonyavaśād iti
pūrvāvasthāto 'nyathābhāvaḥ pariṇāmaḥ
As for “the transformation goes in each corresponding way through mutual influence”: transformation is becoming otherwise than the previous state.
trbh [1148, 1149]śaktiviśiṣṭasyālayavijñānapariṇāmasya nimittaṃ so 'pi ālayavijñānapariṇāmaś
cakṣurādivijñānasya nimittaṃ bhavati
It is a cause of the transformation of store consciousness as qualified by potency; that transformation of store consciousness is in turn a cause of visual and the other consciousnesses.
Do not leave tathā tathā yāti as the vague “goes thus and thus”; construe it as reaching, in each respective case, the state capable of immediately producing the corresponding vikalpa.→ “Reaches, in each respective case, a state capable of immediately producing the corresponding conceptual construction.”
trbh [1144, 1145]tathā tatheti tasya tasya
vikalpasyānantarotpādanasamarthāvasthāṃ prāpnotīty arthaḥ
“In each corresponding way” means that it reaches a state capable of immediately producing each respective conceptual construction.
Construe the ablative anyonyavaśāt causally as reciprocal influence between active consciousness and the transformation of store consciousness, not merely as a vague statement that things are mutually associated.→ “Through mutual influence.”
trbh [1146, 1147, 1148, 1149, 1150]anyonyavaśād iti
tathā hi cakṣurādivijñānaṃ svaśaktiparipoṣe vartamāne
śaktiviśiṣṭasyālayavijñānapariṇāmasya nimittaṃ so 'pi ālayavijñānapariṇāmaś
cakṣurādivijñānasya nimittaṃ bhavati
evam anyonyavaśād yasmād ubhayaṃ
As for “through mutual influence”: visual and the other consciousnesses, while the strengthening of their own capacities is occurring, cause the transformation of store consciousness as qualified by potency; that transformation of store consciousness in turn causes visual and the other consciousnesses. Thus, because both operate through mutual influence …
Render yena adverbially as “whereby/thereby,” expressing the causal consequence of the foregoing mutually conditioned transformation, rather than forcing an exclusively instrumental agent reading.→ Adverbial “thereby,” while retaining Vyākaraṇī’s formally possible neuter instrumental analysis.
trbh [1150, 1151, 1152]evam anyonyavaśād yasmād ubhayaṃ
pravartate tasmād ālayavijñānād anyenānadhiṣṭhitād anekaprakāro vikalpaḥ sa sa
jāyate
Because both thus operate through mutual influence, therefore from store consciousness, which is not governed by another, each manifold kind of conceptual construction arises.
Read sa sa distributively as “each such” and correlate it with tathā tathā and tasya tasya, rather than taking the repetition as simple emphasis, “that very same.”→ “Each such conceptual construction.”
trbh [1144, 1145]tathā tatheti tasya tasya
vikalpasyānantarotpādanasamarthāvasthāṃ prāpnotīty arthaḥ
“In each corresponding way” means that it reaches a state capable of immediately producing each respective conceptual construction.
trbh [1151, 1152]pravartate tasmād ālayavijñānād anyenānadhiṣṭhitād anekaprakāro vikalpaḥ sa sa
jāyate
Therefore, from store consciousness, which is not governed by another, each conceptual construction of manifold kind arises.