back to questions
Triṃśikā (Vasubandhu) with Sthiramati's bhāṣya · 9
sarvatragair viniyataiḥ kuśalaiś caitasair asau | saṃprayuktā tathā kleśair upakleśais trivedanā
Translation. With the ubiquitous (sarvatraga), determinate (viniyata), and wholesome (kuśala) mental factors (caitasa), that [apprehension] is associated;
likewise with afflictions (kleśa) and secondary afflictions (upakleśa); its feeling (vedanā) is threefold.
Grammar check: 10 words pass / 0 flagged / 0 beyond the checkerPāṇini-verified
Every word's claimed grammar is re-derived with vidyut-prakriya, software implementing Pāṇini's rules. Flags are shown, never hidden; some are the text taking epic or Vedic liberties the classical rules do not generate.
Word by word
| surface | lemma | grammar |
|---|
| sarvatragaiḥ | sarvatraga | pass |
| viniyataiḥ | viniyata | pass |
| kuśalaiḥ | kuśala | pass |
| caitasaiḥ | caitasa | pass |
| asau | adas | pass |
| saṃprayuktā | saṃprayukta | pass |
| tathā | tathā | pass |
| kleśaiḥ | kleśa | pass |
| upakleśaiḥ | upakleśa | pass |
| trivedanā | trivedana | pass |
How the commentary settled it
Where the verse alone is ambiguous, the reading follows Sthiramati's commentary; the deciding lines are quoted below each decision.
Read asau as feminine nominative singular, referring to the feminine apprehension under discussion, rather than as masculine.→ Feminine ‘that [apprehension]’, because saṃprayuktā and trivedanā are feminine nominative singular predicates agreeing with it.
trbh [491, 492]sarvatragair viniyataiḥ kuśalaiś caitasair asau | saṃprayuktā tathā kleśair upakleśais trivedanā
With the ubiquitous, determinate, and wholesome mental factors, that [feminine subject] is associated; likewise with afflictions and secondary afflictions, and it has threefold feeling.
Construe all five instrumental expressions with predicative saṃprayuktā; take caitasaiḥ as the head qualified by sarvatragaiḥ, viniyataiḥ, and kuśalaiḥ, while tathā adds kleśaiḥ and upakleśaiḥ.→ The first three are classes of mental factors, and the two afflictive classes are added as further instrumental complements of ‘associated’.
trbh [491, 492]sarvatragair viniyataiḥ kuśalaiś caitasair asau | saṃprayuktā tathā kleśair upakleśaiḥ
That [apprehension] is associated with ubiquitous, determinate, and wholesome mental factors, and likewise with afflictions and secondary afflictions.
trbh [493]ya ete sarvatragādaya uddiṣṭās te na vijñāyanta ity atas tatpradarśanārtham
Since these items beginning with the ubiquitous factors, which have been enumerated, are not understood, therefore, in order to show them [the author proceeds].
Treat sarvatraga, viniyata, and kuśala as technical class labels, not as free descriptions of the apprehension itself.→ ‘Ubiquitous,’ ‘determinate,’ and ‘wholesome’ mental factors, retaining the Sanskrit terms on first occurrence.
trbh [491]sarvatragair viniyataiḥ kuśalaiś caitasair asau
That [apprehension], with the ubiquitous, determinate, and wholesome mental factors...
trbh [493]ya ete sarvatragādaya uddiṣṭās te na vijñāyanta ity atas tatpradarśanārtham
Since these items beginning with the ubiquitous factors have been enumerated but are not understood, [the author proceeds] to show them.
Take tathā additively, coordinating kleśaiḥ and upakleśaiḥ with the preceding associated classes.→ ‘Likewise,’ because it introduces further instrumental complements after the first group.
trbh [492]saṃprayuktā tathā kleśair upakleśais trivedanā
It is associated likewise with afflictions and secondary afflictions and has threefold feeling.
Analyze trivedanā as a feminine bahuvrīhi meaning ‘having three forms of feeling,’ agreeing with asau.→ Bahuvrīhi: tisro vedanā yasyāḥ sā. Accordingly, translate ‘its feeling is threefold,’ without implying simultaneous feelings.
trbh [491, 492]asau | saṃprayuktā tathā kleśair upakleśais trivedanā
That [feminine subject] is associated likewise with afflictions and secondary afflictions and is possessed of threefold feeling.
Analyze sarvatraga as an upapada-tatpuruṣa, sarvatra + ga, while recognizing that the commentary treats it as a category name.→ Upapada-tatpuruṣa, sarvatra gacchatīti sarvatragaḥ; in context, ‘ubiquitous’ is a technical class label.
trbh [493]ya ete sarvatragādaya uddiṣṭās te na vijñāyanta ity atas tatpradarśanārtham
Since these enumerated items beginning with sarvatraga are not understood, [the author proceeds] to show them.
Analyze upakleśa as a prādi-tatpuruṣa and translate it as the technical category ‘secondary affliction.’→ Prādi-tatpuruṣa, with upa marking a subordinate category relative to kleśa; hence ‘secondary affliction.’
trbh [492]tathā kleśair upakleśais trivedanā
Likewise with afflictions and secondary afflictions; its feeling is threefold.
trbh [493]ya ete sarvatragādaya uddiṣṭās te na vijñāyanta ity atas tatpradarśanārtham
Since these enumerated categories beginning with sarvatraga are not understood, [the author proceeds] to show them.