back to questions
Yoga-sūtra with Vyāsa's bhāṣya · 1.32
tatpratiṣedhārtham ekatattvābhyāsaḥ
Translation. For preventing those distractions (vikṣepas), one should practise (abhyāsa), with the mind resting on a single principle (eka-tattva).
Grammar check: 2 words pass / 0 flagged / 0 beyond the checkerPāṇini-verified
Every word's claimed grammar is re-derived with vidyut-prakriya, software implementing Pāṇini's rules. Flags are shown, never hidden; some are the text taking epic or Vedic liberties the classical rules do not generate.
Word by word
| surface | lemma | grammar |
|---|
| tatpratiṣedhārtham | tatpratiṣedhārtha | pass |
| ekatattvābhyāsaḥ | ekatattvābhyāsa | pass |
How the commentary settled it
Where the verse alone is ambiguous, the reading follows Vyāsa's commentary; the deciding lines are quoted below each decision.
The pronoun tad refers to the distractions (vikṣepas), and tatpratiṣedhārtham gives the purpose of the prescribed practice: preventing those distractions.→ tad refers to the vikṣepas, while tatpratiṣedhārtham means “for preventing them.”
ys [1]vikṣepapratiṣedhārtham ekatattvāvalambanaṃ cittam abhyaset.
For the purpose of preventing distraction, one should practise the mind having a single principle as its support.
tatpratiṣedhārtham is analyzed as the purposive accusative singular of the masculine compound stem tatpratiṣedhārtha, rather than as a neuter nominative. The compound is treated broadly as a tatpuruṣa built around artha, with an internal genitive relation between tad and pratiṣedha.
→ Pum Dvitiya Eka purposive subanta
ekatattvābhyāsaḥ means practice in which a single principle is made the mind’s support or object. Formally, it is an outer genitive tatpuruṣa, ekatattvasya abhyāsaḥ, containing the inner karmadhāraya ekaṃ ca tat tattvam.→ practice with a single principle as the mind’s support
ys [1]vikṣepapratiṣedhārtham ekatattvāvalambanaṃ cittam abhyaset.
For the purpose of preventing distraction, one should practise the mind having a single principle as its support.
ys [3]yadi punar idaṃ sarvataḥ pratyāhṛtyaikasminn arthe samādhīyate tadā bhavaty ekāgram ity ato na pratyarthaniyatam.
But if this mind is withdrawn from everything and concentrated on one object, it then becomes one-pointed; hence it is not restricted to a distinct object at each moment.
The nominal abhyāsaḥ carries prescriptive force: the sūtra directs the practitioner to practise, rather than merely asserting that such a practice exists.→ an elliptical prescription
ys [1]vikṣepapratiṣedhārtham ekatattvāvalambanaṃ cittam abhyaset.
For the purpose of preventing distraction, one should practise the mind having a single principle as its support.
Vyāsa's commentary on this unit
1vikṣepapratiṣedhārtham ekatattvāvalambanaṃ cittam abhyaset.
2yasya tu pratyarthaniyataṃ pratyayamātraṃ kṣaṇikaṃ ca cittaṃ tasya sarvam eva cittam ekāgraṃ nāsty eva vikṣiptam.
3yadi punar idaṃ sarvataḥ pratyāhṛtyaikasminn arthe samādhīyate tadā bhavaty ekāgram ity ato na pratyarthaniyatam.
4yo 'pi sadṛśapratyayapravāhena cittam ekāgraṃ manyate tasyaikāgratā yadi pravāhacittasya dharmas tadaikaṃ nāsti pravāhacittaṃ kṣaṇikatvāt.
5atha pravāhāṃśasyaiva pratyayasya dharmaḥ, sa sarvaḥ sadṛśapratyayapravāhī vā visadṛśapratyayapravāhī vā pratyarthaniyatatvād ekāgra eveti vikṣiptacittānupapattiḥ.
6tasmād ekam anekārtham avasthitaṃ cittam iti.
7yadi ca cittenaikenānanvitāḥ svabhāvabhinnāḥ pratyayā jāyerann atha katham anyapratyayadṛṣṭasyānyaḥ smartā bhavet.
8anyapratyayopacitasya ca karmāśayasyānyaḥ pratyaya upabhoktā bhavet.
9kathaṃcit samādhīyamānam apy etad gomayapāyasīyanyāyam ākṣipati.
10kiṃ ca svātmānubhavāpahnavaś cittasyānyatve prāpnoti.
11katham, yad aham adrākṣaṃ tat spṛśāmi yac cāsprākṣaṃ tat paśyāmīty aham iti pratyayaḥ sarvasya pratyayasya bhede sati pratyayiny abhedenopasthitaḥ.
12ekapratyayaviṣayo 'yam abhedātmāham iti pratyayaḥ katham atyantabhinneṣu citteṣu vartamānaḥ sāmānyam ekaṃ pratyayinam āśrayet.
13svānubhavagrāhyaś cāyam abhedātmāham iti pratyayaḥ.
14na ca pratyakṣasya māhātmyaṃ pramāṇāntareṇābhibhūyate.
15pramāṇāntaraṃ ca pratyakṣabalenaiva vyavahāraṃ labhate.
16tasmād ekam anekārtham avasthitaṃ ca cittam.
171.32
18yasya cittasyāvasthitasyedaṃ śāstreṇa parikarma nirdiśyate tat katham