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Yoga-sūtra with Vyāsa's bhāṣya · 1.46
45 tā eva sabījaḥ samādhiḥ
Translation. Those very [four attainments (samāpatti)] constitute concentration with seed (sabīja samādhi), the seed being an external object.
Grammar check: 4 words pass / 0 flagged / 0 beyond the checkerPāṇini-verified
Every word's claimed grammar is re-derived with vidyut-prakriya, software implementing Pāṇini's rules. Flags are shown, never hidden; some are the text taking epic or Vedic liberties the classical rules do not generate.
Word by word
| surface | lemma | grammar |
|---|
| tāḥ | tad | pass |
| eva | eva | pass |
| sabījaḥ | sabīja | pass |
| samādhiḥ | samādhi | pass |
How the commentary settled it
Where the verse alone is ambiguous, the reading follows Vyāsa's commentary; the deciding lines are quoted below each decision.
The antecedent of feminine plural tāḥ is the four previously described attainments (samāpattayaḥ), not an unspecified feminine plural entity.→ The four preceding samāpattis.
ys [1]tāś catasraḥ samāpattayo bahirvastubījā iti samādhir api sabījaḥ.
Those four attainments have external objects as their seeds; therefore samādhi too is with seed.
sabījaḥ is one adjectival compound meaning “possessing a seed,” rather than independent sa and bījaḥ; its technical seed is the external object supporting each attainment.→ A sahārtha-bahuvrīhi qualifying samādhiḥ; bīja denotes the external object (bahirvastu) of the samāpatti.
ys [1]tāś catasraḥ samāpattayo bahirvastubījā iti samādhir api sabījaḥ.
Those four attainments have external objects as their seeds; therefore samādhi too is with seed.
Despite plural tāḥ and singular samādhiḥ, the construction predicates one category of concentration of its four modes: the four attainments collectively constitute samādhi enumerated fourfold.→ Singular samādhiḥ names the overarching category, while tāḥ denotes its four enumerated forms.
ys [1, 2]tāś catasraḥ samāpattayo bahirvastubījā iti samādhir api sabījaḥ.
tatra sthūle 'rthe savitarko nirvitarkaḥ, sūkṣme 'rthe savicāro nirvicāra iti caturdhopasaṃkhyātaḥ samādhir iti.
Those four attainments have external objects as their seeds; therefore samādhi too is with seed. In that enumeration, with a gross object there are savitarka and nirvitarka, and with a subtle object savicāra and nirvicāra; thus samādhi has been enumerated fourfold.
eva is construed with the immediately preceding tāḥ and rendered “very,” emphasizing the identity of the previously enumerated attainments.→ “Those very”; this follows the adjacency of tāḥ eva and the intensifying range of eva given at [MW s.v. eva, 232,2].
ys []
samādhi is rendered “concentration” while retaining the Sanskrit technical term.→ “Concentration (samādhi),” since the commentary treats it as the technical category comprising the four samāpattis rather than defining it here through an ordinary lexical sense.
ys []
Vyāsa's commentary on this unit
1tāś catasraḥ samāpattayo bahirvastubījā iti samādhir api sabījaḥ.
2tatra sthūle 'rthe savitarko nirvitarkaḥ, sūkṣme 'rthe savicāro nirvicāra iti caturdhopasaṃkhyātaḥ samādhir iti.
31.46
4nirvicāravaiśāradye 'dhyātmaprasādaḥ