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Yoga-sūtra with Vyāsa's bhāṣya · 1.5
vṛttayaḥ pañcatayyaḥ kliṣṭākliṣṭāḥ
Translation. The mental modifications (vṛttis) are fivefold: afflicted (kliṣṭa) or unafflicted (akliṣṭa).
Grammar check: 3 words pass / 0 flagged / 0 beyond the checkerPāṇini-verified
Every word's claimed grammar is re-derived with vidyut-prakriya, software implementing Pāṇini's rules. Flags are shown, never hidden; some are the text taking epic or Vedic liberties the classical rules do not generate.
Word by word
| surface | lemma | grammar |
|---|
| vṛttayaḥ | vṛtti | pass |
| pañcatayyaḥ | pañcatayī | pass |
| kliṣṭākliṣṭāḥ | kliṣṭākliṣṭa | pass |
How the commentary settled it
Where the verse alone is ambiguous, the reading follows Vyāsa's commentary; the deciding lines are quoted below each decision.
Render vṛtti technically as “mental modification,” retaining the Sanskrit on first occurrence.→ mental modification (vṛtti)
ys [6, 7, 8, 9]tathājātīyakāḥ saṃskārā vṛttibhir eva kriyante. saṃskāraiś ca vṛttaya iti. evaṃ vṛttisaṃskāracakram aniśam āvartate. tad evaṃbhūtaṃ cittam avasitādhikāram ātmakalpena vyavatiṣṭhate pralayaṃ vā gacchatīti.
Impressions of the corresponding kind are produced by the modifications themselves, and modifications in turn by the impressions. Thus the cycle of modification and impression revolves ceaselessly. The mind-stuff, being of this kind, when its function has ended, abides as though it were the self or else enters dissolution.
Take pañcatayyaḥ as a feminine nominative plural predicate agreeing with vṛttayaḥ and meaning “fivefold.”→ fivefold, divided into five kinds
ys [10]tāḥ kliṣṭāś cākliṣṭāś ca pañcadhā vṛttayaḥ.
Those modifications, both afflicted and unafflicted, are of five kinds.
Analyze kliṣṭākliṣṭāḥ as a coordinated dvandva compound, not as the analyzer’s sequence of an isolated vocative kliṣṭa followed by akliṣṭāḥ.→ a feminine nominative plural dvandva, kliṣṭāś ca akliṣṭāś ca
ys [10]tāḥ kliṣṭāś cākliṣṭāś ca pañcadhā vṛttayaḥ.
Those modifications, both afflicted and unafflicted, are of five kinds.
Understand kliṣṭa technically as “afflicted,” specifically conditioned by the kleśas and conducive to accumulated karmic deposits, rather than merely “painful.”→ afflicted (kliṣṭa)
ys [1]kleśahetukāḥ karmāśayapracaye kṣetrībhūtāḥ kliṣṭāḥ.
Afflicted modifications are caused by the afflictions and have become the field for the accumulation of karmic deposits.
Understand akliṣṭa as the technical contrary “unafflicted,” characterized by discriminative knowledge and opposition to the guṇas’ continuing dominion, not simply as “pleasant” or “untroubled.”→ unafflicted (akliṣṭa)
ys [2]khyātiviṣayā guṇādhikāravirodhinyo 'kliṣṭāḥ.
The unafflicted modifications have discriminative knowledge as their object and oppose the continuing dominion of the guṇas.
Translate the dvandva distributively as “afflicted or unafflicted”; this classification does not mean that afflicted and unafflicted currents can never occur within one another.→ contrasting classifications, with possible occurrence inside the opposite current
ys [3, 4, 5]kliṣṭapravāhapatitā apy akliṣṭāḥ. kliṣṭacchidreṣv apy akliṣṭā bhavanti. akliṣṭacchideṣu kliṣṭā iti.
Even when they have fallen into an afflicted current, they remain unafflicted. Unafflicted modifications also occur in the intervals of afflicted ones, and afflicted modifications in the intervals of unafflicted ones.
Vyāsa's commentary on this unit
1kleśahetukāḥ karmāśayapracaye kṣetrībhūtāḥ kliṣṭāḥ.
2khyātiviṣayā guṇādhikāravirodhinyo 'kliṣṭāḥ.
3kliṣṭapravāhapatitā apy akliṣṭāḥ.
4kliṣṭacchidreṣv apy akliṣṭā bhavanti.
5akliṣṭacchideṣu kliṣṭā iti.
6tathājātīyakāḥ saṃskārā vṛttibhir eva kriyante.
7saṃskāraiś ca vṛttaya iti.
8evaṃ vṛttisaṃskāracakram aniśam āvartate.
9tad evaṃbhūtaṃ cittam avasitādhikāram ātmakalpena vyavatiṣṭhate pralayaṃ vā gacchatīti.
10tāḥ kliṣṭāś cākliṣṭāś ca pañcadhā vṛttayaḥ.
111.5
12pramāṇaviparyayavikalpanidrāsmṛtayaḥ