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Yoga-sūtra with Vyāsa's bhāṣya · 1.6
5 pramāṇaviparyayavikalpanidrāsmṛtayaḥ
Translation. [The fluctuations are:] valid cognition (pramāṇa), misapprehension (viparyaya), conceptual construction (vikalpa), sleep (nidrā), and memory (smṛti).
Grammar check: 1 words pass / 0 flagged / 0 beyond the checkerPāṇini-verified
Every word's claimed grammar is re-derived with vidyut-prakriya, software implementing Pāṇini's rules. Flags are shown, never hidden; some are the text taking epic or Vedic liberties the classical rules do not generate.
Word by word
| surface | lemma | grammar |
|---|
| pramāṇaviparyayavikalpanidrāsmṛtayaḥ | pramāṇaviparyayavikalpanidrāsmṛti | pass |
How the commentary settled it
Where the verse alone is ambiguous, the reading follows Vyāsa's commentary; the deciding lines are quoted below each decision.
The five stems form a coordinative itaretara-dvandva, not a dependency compound or a collective samāhāra-dvandva.→ itaretara-dvandva: pramāṇa, viparyaya, vikalpa, nidrā, and smṛti are coordinate members.
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Pramāṇa is epistemic here, rather than the ordinary metrological sense “measure.”→ “valid cognition,” as the category comprising direct perception, inference, and authoritative transmission.
ys [2]pratyakṣānumānāgamāḥ pramāṇāni
Direct perception, inference, and authoritative transmission are pramāṇas.
The nominative plural belongs to the entire compound and presents five coordinated categories; it does not make smṛti alone the syntactic head meaning “memories.”→ The whole five-member compound is Stri Prathama Bahu, with its inflection determined by final smṛti.
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Viparyaya is rendered as the cognitive technical term “misapprehension,” rather than literally as physical reversal or revolution.→ “misapprehension,” fitting its position among kinds of mental activity.
ys []
Vikalpa is rendered as “conceptual construction,” not merely as an optional alternative.→ “conceptual construction,” as a cautious Yoga-technical rendering; the supplied commentary excerpt does not define the term.
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The English supplies the inherited frame “[The fluctuations are:]” while marking it as contextual rather than lexically expressed in this unit.→ Supply the contextual frame in brackets and retain the sūtra’s compact enumerative form.
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Vyāsa's commentary on this unit
11.6
2pratyakṣānumānāgamāḥ pramāṇāni